The Tamborrada de San Sebastián is one of Spain’s most iconic and vibrant traditions, an event that combines music, history and a deep cultural connection with the city of San Sebastián in the Basque Country. This spectacular festival takes place every 20th January, coinciding with the day of San Sebastián, the city’s patron saint. For 24 hours, the city is transformed into a festive stage where the sound of drums and barrels resonates in every corner.
History and origin of the Tamborrada
The history of the Tamborrada dates back to the 19th century and is deeply rooted in the historical and cultural events of San Sebastian. Although its exact origins are not entirely clear, it is believed that the tradition arose as a form of mockery or imitation of the Napoleonic troops that occupied the city in the 19th century.
In the beginning, citizens took to the streets beating cooking barrels and drums, parodying the military parades of the French troops. This popular expression was consolidated over time, until it became the organised and structured celebration that we know today. Today, the Tamborrada is not only a tribute to the resistance and festive spirit of the people of San Sebastián, but also a symbol of the cultural identity of the Basque Country.
The structure of the celebration
The Tamborrada begins at midnight on January 20 in the Plaza de la Constitución, when the flag of San Sebastián is raised to the music of "La Marcha de San Sebastián" composed by Raimundo Sarriegui, a local musician who created many of the melodies played during the event. This act marks the beginning of 24 uninterrupted hours of music and celebration.
The participants
The Tamborrada is made up of two main types of groups: the drums and the barrels. The drums are played by men and women dressed in military uniforms representing Napoleonic troops or traditional battalions. On the other hand, the barrels are beaten by participants dressed as cooks and water carriers, a nod to the popular origins of the event.
The different groups, known as "companies", parade through the city streets performing a series of musical pieces that have been passed down from generation to generation. Each company is made up of dozens of participants, and it is estimated that more than 15,000 people take an active part in the Tamborrada each year.
The music
Music is the soul of the Tamborrada. The melodies, composed mainly by Raimundo Sarriegui, include marches, polkas and waltzes that form the basic repertoire of the celebration. Among the most iconic pieces are “La Diana”, “Retreta” and “Iriyarena”. These songs not only encourage the participants, but also evoke a deep sense of belonging and pride in the community.
Children also participate
One of the most endearing parts of the Tamborrada is the children's parade, which takes place in the morning. Thousands of boys and girls, dressed in uniforms similar to those of the adults, parade through the streets accompanied by marching bands. This event is not only a way to involve the little ones in the tradition, but also a guarantee that the Tamborrada will live on for generations to come.
Cultural and social significance
The Tamborrada in San Sebastián is not only a festival, but also a manifestation of the cultural identity of the Basque Country. It is a time when the people of San Sebastián celebrate their history, their tradition and their sense of community. The massive participation of people of all ages and backgrounds is a reflection of the inclusive and welcoming character of the city.
In addition, the Tamborrada also has a significant economic impact, attracting thousands of tourists from around the world. Local hotels, restaurants and businesses benefit from this increase in activity, making the event an important driver for the region's economy.
Curiosities of the Tamborrada
The flag of San Sebastián: The raising and lowering of the flag in the Plaza de la Constitución are emblematic moments that mark the beginning and the end of the Tamborrada.
Historical Uniforms: The costumes worn by participants are inspired by military uniforms and traditional costumes, many of which have been carefully crafted to reflect historical details.
A sustainable festival: In recent years, measures have been taken to reduce the environmental impact of the Tamborrada, including the use of recyclable materials and the promotion of sustainable practices among participants.
International recognition: Although it is a deeply local celebration, the Tamborrada has gained recognition beyond the borders of Spain, attracting visitors from around the world who wish to experience this unique tradition.
Visitor experience
If you have the chance to visit San Sebastian during the Tamborrada, prepare yourself for an unforgettable experience. The entire city comes alive, and it's easy to get carried away by the enthusiasm and joy that permeates the atmosphere.
Tips for enjoying the Tamborrada
Arrive early: Plaza de la Constitución is the epicenter of the celebration, and it is advisable to arrive early to ensure a good spot.
Explore the local cuisine: San Sebastián is famous for its cuisine, and during the Tamborrada you can enjoy a wide variety of pintxos and typical dishes in the city's bars and restaurants.
Join in the party: Even if you're not part of an official troupe, it's easy to get into the festive spirit by banging a drum or just enjoying the parade.
Respect traditions: The Tamborrada is a celebration deeply rooted in local culture, so it is important to show respect for the customs and the participants.
San Sebastian's Tamborrada is much more than a festival; it is an expression of identity, a celebration of the community and a tribute to the city's history. With its infectious rhythms, rich tradition and inclusive spirit, the Tamborrada is an experience that leaves a lasting impression on participants and visitors alike.
If you ever get the chance to witness this festivity, don't hesitate to do so. You will discover not only one of the most vibrant traditions in Spain, but also the heart and soul of San Sebastian, a city that knows how to celebrate its history and culture with passion and joy.