Flag and coat of arms of Spain | National symbols

The patriotic symbols are emblematic elements that represent the identity and pride of a nation. In the case of Spain, two of the most important symbols are the flag and the shield. The flag of Spain, known as the rojigualda, and the coat of arms are symbols loaded with history and meaning.

Origins of the Spanish flag

The first historical records of a flag representing Spain date back to the 15th century, during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel and Ferdinand. Back then, the flag consisted of a white background with the shields of the crowns of Castile and Aragon superimposed. This combination symbolized the unification of both kingdoms under a single government.

Evolution during the Habsburg era

With the expansion of the Spanish Empire under Habsburg rule, the flag was modified to include the emblem of the House of Austria. During the reign of Charles I, the Habsburg coat of arms, made up of a double-headed eagle and the emblems of the territories under its control, was added to the flag.

Later, Felipe II adopted a new flag that consisted of a yellow stripe at the top and two red stripes at the bottom. In the center was the king's coat of arms, with heraldic elements representing the kingdoms of Castilla, León, Aragón, Navarra, Granada and Portugal.

The change to the rojigualda flag

During the 18th century, the Spanish flag underwent a significant transformation. Carlos III adopted the rojigualda flag, made up of three horizontal stripes: the upper and lower ones were red, while the central stripe was yellow. This design became the emblem of the Spanish Monarchy and was maintained during the period of the House of Bourbon in Spain.

The flag during the Second Republic and the Franco regime

In the 20th century, the arrival of the Second Republic in 1931 brought with it a new design for the Spanish flag. This version consisted of three horizontal stripes: the top one was red, the middle stripe was yellow, and the bottom one was purple. However, with the start of the Civil War in 1936, the republican flag was replaced by the Francoist flag, which recovered the rojigualda but with the shield of the eagle of San Juan and the yoke and arrows.

After the end of the Franco regime, the 1978 Constitution established the current flag of Spain. This red and yellow flag, with its horizontal stripes of red and yellow, lacks any shield or emblem. It is the national symbol that represents the unity and diversity of the regions and peoples that make up Spain, as well as the democratic values and fundamental rights of all citizens.

The current flag of Spain has been widely accepted and recognized by the Spanish people. Its simple and distinctive design has become a symbol of national identity and pride. The combination of red and yellow colors evokes the history, culture and passion of Spain, conveying a sense of unity and belonging.

Respect and veneration for the Spanish flag are fundamental in society. The flag is expected to be treated with dignity and flown in accordance with established protocols. In official acts, it is common to sing the national anthem while the flag is raised, which fosters a feeling of respect and love for the homeland. In addition to its use in official acts, the flag of Spain is proudly displayed in a variety of contexts. It is common to see it waving at government buildings, educational institutions, sporting events, and national celebrations. It is also used in patriotic demonstrations and as a show of support during international competitions.

The flag of Spain transcends political and regional differences, representing the unity of all Spaniards. It is a symbol of collective identity and a reminder of the nation's shared history. Through its various changes over the centuries, the flag has evolved to reflect the evolution of the country and maintain its relevance in today's society.

Coat of arms of Spain

The origins of the coat of arms of Spain go back to the Middle Ages, when the different kingdoms that made up the Iberian Peninsula used their own emblems to represent themselves. It was during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel and Fernando, that the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were unified under a single shield. This shield combined the heraldic elements of both kingdoms and laid the foundations for the shield of Spain as we know it today.

The design of the shield

The coat of arms of Spain presents a complex design loaded with symbolism. It is made up of several quarters that represent the different kingdoms and historical territories of the country. In the first quarter, there is an azur escutcheon with the three gold fleurs-de-lis, which represents the kingdom of France. This element refers to the Bourbon dynasty, of French origin, which has had a significant influence on the history of Spain. The second quarter shows the escutcheon gules with a nine-link gold chain representing the kingdom of Navarre. This barracks symbolizes the old union between Navarre and Castile. The third quarter represents the kingdom of Castile with its characteristic heraldic elements, such as the gold castle and the gules rampant lion. In the fourth barracks is the escutcheon gules with a nine-link silver chain, which represents the kingdom of León. The fifth quarter represents the kingdom of Aragon with the golden escutcheon loaded with four sticks of gules. Finally, the sixth quarter shows the azur escutcheon with a gold crown, which symbolizes the kingdom of Granada.

The coat of arms of Spain is much more than a simple heraldic composition. Each element and quarter of the shield represents a part of the history and cultural diversity of the country. It reflects the union of different kingdoms and territories under the same national identity.

The shield has also undergone modifications throughout history, adapting to political and dynastic changes. During the Franco regime, the coat of arms of Spain was modified to include the eagle of San Juan and the yoke and arrows, symbols of the regime. However, with the end of the Franco regime, these elements were eliminated and the traditional design of the shield was restored. It also has a prominent role in the institutional life of the country. It is used on official documents, government buildings, coins, stamps, and other state emblems. In addition, it is common to see the shield in official ceremonies, protocol acts and events of national importance.

This not only represents the history and territorial diversity of the country, but also conveys the fundamental values and principles of the nation. The royal crown that is on the shield symbolizes the monarchy and respect for the royal institution. The heraldic elements, such as the castle, the lion and the chains, evoke strength, bravery and the fight for freedom.

These symbols evoke the history, culture and fundamental values of Spain, and play a significant role in everyday life and in events of national and international importance. National symbols are a reflection of the rich diversity and unity of the Spanish nation, and their presence and respect strengthen the social fabric and promote a sense of community and solidarity among Spaniards.